Croeso i rifyn o Gyfres Darlithoedd Fideo Ysgol Fusnes Aberystwyth.
Mae'r darlithoedd hyn yn cyd-daro â'r Cwricwlwm Astudiaethau Busnes Safon Uwch ledled y Deyrnas Unedig.
Ymddiheuriadau mai dim yn Saesneg y maent ar gael ar hyn o bryd.
Argyfwng Llif Arian - Watch UK
Cwestiynau wedi'u seilio ar bapur Astudiaethau Busnes Edexcel 2010
Roedd Neville Smith yn bryderus iawn. Gwelodd drosiant ei fusnes Cadw Gwyliadwriaeth yn cynyddu 50 y cant rhwng 2017 a 2018, gyda chynnydd cyffelyb mewn elw gros. Fodd bynnag, ar ôl i'r costau gweithredu gael eu didynnu, cafodd colled o £16,300 yn 2017 ei droi'n elw gweithredol o ddim ond £7,330 yn 2018, sy'n golygu bod yr adenillion ar werthiannau yn llai na 3 y cant.
Roedd Neville a'i fab Sam, sy'n bartner yn y cwmni, yn gwybod bod eu ffin elw gros ar gamerâu Teledu Cylch Cyfyng yn cyd-fynd â'r hyn oedd yn arferol yn y diwydiant, ac ar ben hynny roedd eu gwasanaeth ôl-werthu yn eithriadol, ond serch hynny nid oeddent yn gweld enillion ariannol. Ar ôl cyfarfod â rheolwr y banc, roedd gofyn iddynt gynhyrchu cyfres o gyllidebau a'u hymgorffori i ragolwg llif arian.
Ffigur 1:
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trosiant | £240,000 (gwirioneddol) | £360,000 (gwirioneddol) | £480,000 (cyllideb) |
Roedd eu llyfr archebion yn ehangu ac roeddent yn teimlo bod cynnydd o 33 y cant mewn refeniw gwerthiannau yn bosibl. Dangosir y ffigurau gwerthu a gyllidebwyd ar gyfer y 6 mis cyntaf yn y rhagolwg llif arian (ffigur 3).
Ffigur 2:
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Costau Llafur | £57,000 (gwirioneddol) | £70,000 (gwirioneddol) | £73,000 (cyllideb) |
Roedd y cwmni'n cyflogi dau beiriannydd ac un gweinyddwr rhan-amser. Talwyd pecyn cyflog i'r peirianwyr, ni waeth faint o systemau a osodwyd na faint o amser a gymerai i'w gosod, pecynnau a oedd wedi cynyddu'n sylweddol yn 2018. Roedd pob peiriannydd yn cael defnyddio fan o eiddo'r cwmni ac yn mynd â hi adref bob nos. Dangosir y costau llafur a gyllidebwyd am y 6 mis cyntaf yn y rhagolwg llif arian.
Ffigur 3:
Rhagolwg Llif Arian
| 2019 Incwm | Ionawr £ | Chwefror £ | Mawrth £ | Ebrill £ | Mai £ | Mehefin £ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gwerthiannau* | 20,500 | 26,000 | 42,000 | 42,000 | 53,000 | 53,000 |
| Gwariant | ||||||
| Llafur | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 |
| Adeiladau | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 |
| Hysbysebu | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 |
| Moduro | 1,900 | 1,900 | 1,900 | 1,900 | 1,900 | 1,900 |
| Gweinyddu | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,400 |
| Cyllid | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Amrywiol | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Deunyddiau | 11,000 | 14,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 | 28,000 | 28,000 |
| Lluniadau | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 |
| Cyfanswm y Gwariant | 29,800 | 32,800 | 40,800 | 40,800 | A | 46,800 |
| Llif Arian Net | (9,300) | (6,800) | 1,200 | 1,200 | B | 6,200 |
| Gweddill Terfynol | (9,300) | (16,100) | (14,900) | (13,700) | C | (1,300) |
Cwestiwn 1
Rhowch ddau reswm i esbonio pam na ellid efallai cyflawni'r gwerthiannau a gyllidebwyd ar gyfer 2019 (Ffigur 1). (7 marc)
Cwestiwn 2
Cyfrifwch y ffigurau sydd ar goll ym mhwyntiau A, B ac C yn y rhagolwg llif arian (Ffigur 3). (2 marc)
Cwestiwn 3
Esboniwch ddau o gyfyngiadau defnyddio rhagolygon llif arian yn achos Watch UK. (4 marc)
Cwestiwn 4
Mae banciau'n cynnig gwahanol fathau o gyllid i fusnesau.
I ba raddau y gellid ystyried bod gorddrafft yn well na benthyciad i fynd i'r afael â phroblemau llif arian Watch UK? (8 marc)
Welcome to an installment of Aberystwyth Business School's Video Lecture Series.
These lectures are in-line with the A-level Business Studies Curriculum across the UK.
Our apologies for the videos being only available, currently, in English
Cash-Flow Crisis - Watch UK
Question modelled on Edexcel Business Studies paper 2010
Neville Smith was very worried. He had seen turnover in his Surveillance business, rise by 50 percent cent between 2017 and 2018, with a similar increase in gross profit. However, after operating costs had been deducted, a loss of £16,300 in 2017 had only been turned into an operating profit of £7,330 in 2018, a return on sales of less than 3 percent.
Neville and his son Sam, a partner in the firm, knew that their gross profit margin on CCTV cameras was in line with industry norm, and in any case there after sales service was exceptional, yet they were not seeing the financial gains. After a meeting with the bank manager, they were required to produce a series of budgets and incorporate them into a cash-flow forecast.
Figure 1:
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Turnover | £240,000 (actual) | £360,000 (actual) | £480,000 (budget) |
Their order book was expanding and they felt a 33 per cent increase in sales revenue was possible. The budgeted sales figures for the first 6 months are shown in the cash-flow forecast (figure 3).
Figure 2:
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Labour Costs | £57,000 (actual) | £70,000 (actual) | £73,000 (budget) |
The firm employed two engineers and one part time administrator. The engineers were paid a salary package, irrespective of the number of systems fitted or the time taken to fit them, packages which had increased substantially in 2018. Each engineer had use of a company van which they took home each night. The budgeted labour costs for the first 6 months are shown in the cash-flow forecast.
Figure 3:
Cash-Flow Forecast
| 2019 Income | Jan £ | Feb £ | Mar £ | Apr £ | May £ | June £ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales* | 20,500 | 26,000 | 42,000 | 42,000 | 53,000 | 53,000 |
| Expenditure | ||||||
| Labour | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 | 6,000 |
| Premises | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 | 4,000 |
| Advertising | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 |
| Motoring | 1,900 | 1,900 | 1,900 | 1,900 | 1,900 | 1,900 |
| Admin | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,400 | 1,400 |
| Finance | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 | 500 |
| Sundries | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 | 1,000 |
| Materials | 11,000 | 14,000 | 22,000 | 22,000 | 28,000 | 28,000 |
| Drawings | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 | 2,000 |
| Total Exp. | 29,800 | 32,800 | 40,800 | 40,800 | A | 46,800 |
| Net cash-flow | (9,300) | (6,800) | 1,200 | 1,200 | B | 6,200 |
| Closing Balance | (9,300) | (16,100) | (14,900) | (13,700) | C | (1,300) |
Question 1
Give two reasons to explain why the budgeted sales for 2019 (Figure 1) may not be achieved. (7 marks)
Question 2
Calculate the missing figures at point A,B and C in the cash-flow forecast (Figure 3). (2 marks)
Question 3
Explain two limitations of cash-flow forecasting for Watch UK. (4 marks)
Question 4
Banks offer business various forms of finance.
To what extent might an overdraft be considered better than a loan to address Watch UK's cash-flow problems? (8 marks)