Gair Allweddol | |
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Adenillion ar Fuddsoddiad | Faint o arian mae buddsoddwr yn ei gael yn ôl ar ei fuddsoddiad |
Allforion | Llif nwyddau a gwasanaethau allan o'r wlad i wledydd eraill |
Amcanion CAMPUS | Amcanion busnes sy'n Gyraeddadwy, Amserol, Mesuradwy, Penodol, Uchelgeisiol, a Synhwyrol |
Amcanion Cymdeithasol | Amcanion a osodir o ganlyniad i bwysau cymdeithasol, megis lleihau allyriadau carbon neu gymryd rhan mewn prosiectau cymunedol. |
Amlsianel | Defnyddio amrywiaeth o ddulliau i gyrraedd cwsmer |
Amser Real | Yn fyw neu wrth iddo ddigwydd |
Anghorfforedig | Busnes sydd heb ei gofrestru fel cwmni ac felly yr un corff yw'r perchenogion a'r busnes, yn ôl y gyfraith |
Ardoll | Treth ar gynnyrch neu wasanaeth penodol |
Ased | Eitem gwerthfawr sy'n eiddo i unigolyn neu fusnes |
Atebolrwydd Cyfyngedig | Cyfyngir risg y golled i gyfanswm yr arian a fuddsoddir yn y busnes |
Atebolrwydd Llawn | Mae lefel y risg yn uwch na'r swm a fuddsoddwyd sy'n golygu y gellir defnyddio eu hasedau i ad-dalu dyledion y busnes |
Banc Lloegr | Banc canolog y DU. Mae'n rheoli dyledion y wlad, yn gosod cyfraddau llog ac yn dylanwadu ar y gyfradd gyfnewid rhwng y bunt ac arian cyfred arall |
Benthyciad Banc | Swm penodol o arian a fenthycir o fanc. Rhaid ei ad-dalu gyda llog trwy daliadau a osodir dros gyfnod cytunedig |
Breiniwr | Busnes sefydledig sy'n rhoi caniatâd i entrepreneur fasnachu gan ddefnyddio ei enw a'i gynnyrch |
Buddsoddiad | Arian a roddir i fusnes gyda'r bwriad o wneud elw |
Cenhedlaeth Y (a elwir hefyd yn Fileniaid) | Yn cyfeirio at bobl a anwyd rhwng 1980 a 2000 |
Corfforedig | Busnes sydd wedi ei gofrestru fel cwmni, er mwyn gwahanu'r perchenogion a'r busnes yn gyfreithiol |
Credyd | Arian a fenthycir i fusnes gan sefydliad ariannol neu gyflenwr y mae'n rhaid ei ad-dalu yn ystod cyfnod cytunedig |
Credyd Masnach | Credyd a gynigir gan gyflenwyr i fusnesau yn unig |
Cwcis | Ffeiliau bach sy'n cael eu cadw ar gyfrifiadur cwsmer pan fydd yn ymweld â gwefan ac sy'n cofnodi manylion yr ymweliad y gall y wefan gael mynediad atynt eto yn ystod ymweliadau yn y dyfodol. |
Cwmni Cyfyngedig Cyhoeddus (CCC) | Busnes corfforedig sy'n gallu gwerthu cyfranddaliadau i'r cyhoedd |
Cwmni Cyfyngedig Preifat | Busnes corfforedig sy'n eiddo i'r rhanddeiliaid |
Cydymffurfio | Ufuddhau i orchymyn, y gyfraith neu fodloni set o safonau |
Cyfalaf cyfrannau | Yr arian a godir trwy werthu cyfranddaliadau'r cwmni i fuddsoddwyr |
Cyfalaf Menter | Arian a fuddsoddir gan unigolion neu grwpiau mewn busnes newydd |
Cyfleustra | Pa mor hawdd yw cael gafael ar gynnyrch neu wasanaeth heb amharu'n fwy nag sydd raid ar ffordd o fyw neu drefn arferol y cwsmer |
Cyflog Byw Cenedlaethol | Isafswm y gall busnes ei dalu i gyflogai, yn ôl y gyfraith |
Cyfnewidfa Stoc | Man lle gellir prynu neu werthu cyfranddaliadau mewn cwmnïau cyfyngedig cyhoeddus (ccc) |
Cyfnod sefydlu | Cyfnod ar ddechrau contract pob cyflogai pan fo'n rhaid dangos iddynt sut i weithio'n ddiogel ac o fewn disgwyliadau'r cyflogwr |
Cyfran Marchnad | Cyfran gwerthiant un busnes yn y farchnad |
Cyfranddalwyr | Buddsoddwyr sy'n rhan-berchenogion cwmni. Maen nhw'n buddsoddi er mwyn ennill cyfran o'r elw a hawl i bleidleisio yn y Cyfarfod Cyffredinol Blynyddol |
Cyfryngau Cymdeithasol | Gwefannau sy'n galluogi defnyddwyr i ryngweithio a rhannu negeseuon/lluniau/cysylltiadau |
Cyfuniad Hyrwyddo | Cyfuniad o weithgareddau hyrwyddo a ddefnyddir i ehangu ymwybyddiaeth defnyddwyr o'r cynnyrch er mwyn cynyddu'r gwerthiant |
Cyllidebau | Targedau ariannol rhagosodedig i fusnes eu cyflawni mewn cyfnod penodol |
Cymdeithas Fasnach | Cymdeithas wedi ei ffurfio a'i hariannu gan fusnesau sy'n gweithio mewn diwydiant penodol |
Cymhelliad | Taliad neu rodd i annog rhywun i wneud rhywbeth |
Cynllun Busnes | Dogfen sy'n amlinellu sut bydd entrepreneur yn mynd ati i sefydlu busnes newydd |
Cynnyrch sy'n cynyddu'r swmp | Cynnyrch sy'n fwy na'r deunyddiau crai a ddefnyddir i'w greu |
Cynnyrch sy'n lleihau'r swmp | Cynnyrch sy'n llai na'r deunyddiau crai a ddefnyddir i'w greu |
Dadansoddiad | Proses o edrych ar ddata er mwyn adnabod patrymau a thueddiadau |
Dadansoddiad SWOT | Astudiaeth gan fusnesau i adnabod Cryfderau, Gwendidau, Cyfleoedd a Bygythiadau |
Darfodedig | Wedi dyddio neu ddim yn cael ei ddefnyddio erbyn hyn |
Data | Gwybodaeth y gellir ei chasglu a'i dadansoddi - yn fwyaf aml ar ffurf ystadegau |
Datganiad Incwm | Dogfen ariannol sy'n dangos swm yr arian y mae busnes wedi ei ennill a'i wario yn ystod cyfnod penodol |
Dechrau Busnes | Busnes newydd - gyda nifer fach iawn o staff, fel arfer |
Deddfwriaeth | Y deddfau y mae'r rhaid i fusnes gydymffurfio â nhw |
Defnyddiau Traul | Eitemau a ddefnyddir gan fusnes ac sy'n rhaid eu prynu yn rheolaidd (er enghraifft; pennau ysgrifennu, papur, styffylau) |
Defnyddiwr | Rhywun sy'n prynu ac yn defnyddio nwyddau a/neu wasanaethau |
Deiliad braint | Entrepreneur sy'n talu ffi er mwyn masnachu gan ddefnyddio enw a chynnyrch busnes sefydledig |
Demograffig | Yn ymwneud â'r boblogaeth, megis oed cyfartalog neu incwm cyfartalog |
Dilys | Mae'r ffeithiau sylfaenol yn gywir neu yn gadarn |
Dirwasgiad | Cyfnod o ddirywiad economaidd sy'n disgrifio methiant economi i dyfu am chwe mis yn olynol |
Economi | System cynhyrchu a defnyddio arian a nwyddau gwlad |
E-Fasnach | Trafodion busnes a wneir dros y we |
Elw | Swm y refeniw sy'n weddill ar ôl tynnu'r costau. |
Elw a gedwir | Yr arian y mae busnes yn ei gadw yn lle ei dalu i'r cyfranddalwyr |
Elw Gros | Swm elw busnes cyn didynnu'r costau |
Entrepreneur | Rhywun sy'n sefydlu busnes |
Ffrwd Incwm | Ffynhonnell incwm rheolaidd y mae busnes yn ei dderbyn. Gall fod oddi wrth gwsmeriaid neu fuddsoddwyr |
Ffynhonnell | Lle, person neu beth y cafwyd gwybodaeth ohono |
Globaleiddio | Busnes sy'n gweithredu'n rhyngwladol a chanddo ddylanwad neu rym cynyddol yn rhyngwladol |
Gofal Rhesymol | Ystyr hyn, yn ôl cyfraith defnyddwyr, yw cynnig gwasanaeth sy'n addas i gwsmeriaid |
Gorbenion | Costau penodol rhedeg busnes nad ydynt yn cael eu heffeithio gan nifer y cynhyrchion neu'r gwasanaethau sy'n cael eu gwerthu |
Gorddrafft | Cyfleuster sy'n cael ei gynnig gan fanc er mwyn galluogi deiliad cyfrif i fenthyca arian ar fyr rybudd os ydych yn gwario mwy o arian nag sydd ar gael |
Greddf | Gwybod rhywbeth yn reddfol neu ddeall rhywbeth yn rhwydd heb feddwl amdano'n ormodol |
Grŵp Ffocws | Grŵp o bobl sy'n adolygu cynnyrch, gwasanaeth, hysbyseb neu syniad (gellir ei wneud wyneb yn wyneb neu ar lein) |
Gwahaniaethu | Pan gaiff rhywun ei drin yn wahanol oherwydd nodwedd benodol megis rhywedd, ethnigrwydd, anabledd |
Gwahaniaethu rhwng cynnyrch | Dylunio cynnyrch ac iddo nodweddion unigryw sy'n ei wneud yn wahanol i gynnyrch tebyg sy'n cael ei werthu gan gystadleuwyr |
Gwarant | Mae'n cyfeirio at ased (megis tŷ, neu eiddo busnes) a gynigir yn yswiriant ar gyfer benthyciad. Os na bydd y benthyciad yn cael ei dalu, gall y credydwr hawlio'r ased. |
Gwarantwr | Person a enwir fydd yn gwarantu bod benthyciad yn cael ei ad-dalu os bydd y person neu'r busnes sy'n benthyca yn methu gwneud y taliadau |
Gweddill Arian Parod Negyddol | Pan fo'r arian parod sydd ar gael ar ddiwedd cyfnod penodol yn llai na'r arian parod ar y dechrau |
Gweithred Partneriaeth | Dogfen gyfreithiol sy'n diffinio telerau partneriaeth |
Gwerthoedd | Safonau ymddygiad neu egwyddorion moesol |
Gwerthu'n rhatach | Gwerthu'r un cynnyrch â chystadleuydd ond am bris is |
Gwiriad Credyd | Gwirio statws ariannol unigolyn neu fusnes er mwyn sicrhau bod ganddynt hanes credyd dibynadwy ac nad oes ganddynt ddyledion heb eu talu |
Gwobr ariannol | Yr arian y mae entrepreneur neu fuddsoddwr yn ei dderbyn os yw busnes yn llwyddo |
Gwrthdaro | Anghytundeb difrifol rhwng pobl, gwledydd neu syniadau |
Hyfyw | Dangoswyd ei fod yn gweithio'n iawn neu'n llwyddiannus |
Inertia | Tueddiad i osgoi newid |
Llafur | Gweithwyr neu'r gweithlu |
Llif Arian | Swm yr arian sy'n dod i mewn ac allan o fusnes ac amseriad y symudiadau |
Marchnad Darged | Grŵp penodol o ddefnyddwyr y mae cwmni yn anelu ei gynnyrch a'i wasanaethau tuag atynt |
Masnachfraint | Pan fo busnes yn rhoi caniatâd i fusnes arall fasnachu gan ddefnyddio ei enw yn gyfnewid am ffi neu gyfran o'r elw |
Menter | Gweithgarwch entrepreneuraidd. Fe'i defnyddir weithiau i ddisgrifio cwmni neu fusnes. |
Methdalwr | Methu talu dyledion a/neu mae arno fwy o arian i eraill nag sydd arno eraill iddo yntau. |
Mewnforion | Llif nwyddau a gwasanaethau i mewn i wlad o wledydd eraill |
M-Fasnach | Trafodion busnes sy'n cael eu gwneud trwy dechnoleg symudol (er enghraifft: ffonau clyfar neu lechi) |
Moeseg | Egwyddorion neu safonau moesol sy'n llywio ymddygiad person neu fusnes |
Nifer yr ymwelwyr | Nifer y bobl sy'n mynd trwy leoliad penodol yn ystod cyfnod penodol |
Nodwedd warchodedig | Nodweddion ymgeisydd na ellir eu defnyddio i'w gwrthod, megis beichiogrwydd, rhywedd, crefydd |
Nwyddau Cyfleus | Cynnyrch y mae cwsmer yn ei brynu yn aml neu fel rheol |
Nwyddau Da | Cynnyrch y mae cwsmer yn cymryd amser i feddwl amdano cyn ei brynu |
Partneriaeth | Busnes sy'n eiddo i grŵp o ddau neu ragor o bobl sy'n rhannu'r risg ariannol, y penderfyniadau a'r elw |
Platfform Taliadau | Yn galluogi busnes i gymryd taliadau ar-lein. Mae'n rhad ac am ddim i'r cwsmer, fel arfer, ond mae'n cymryd comisiwn bach oddi wrth y gwerthwr |
Pwynt adennill costau | Y pwynt y mae'r holl gostau yn cael eu hadennill gan y refeniw a dderbynnir |
Pwynt Gwerthu Unigryw (USP) | Rhywbeth sy'n gwneud i gynnyrch ragori ar gynnyrch y cystadleuwyr |
Refeniw | Yr arian y mae busnes yn ei ennill trwy werthiannau |
Refeniw Gwerthiant | Yr arian a ddaw o'r gwerthiant |
Refeniw Rhagolygol | Rhagfynegi refeniw yn y dyfodol ar sail gwerthiant disgwyliedig (a bennir yn ôl synnwyr cyffredin neu ar sail gwerthiant blaenorol) |
Rhagfarnllyd | Caniatáu i ddylanwadau effeithio ar benderfyniadau gan arwain at dystiolaeth a gyflwynir yn annheg |
Rhanddeiliad | Person a chanddo ddiddordeb mewn gweithgareddau busnes, megis cyflogeion/cyflenwyr/cyfarwyddwr/y gymuned leol/y llywodraeth |
Rhyfel Prisiau | Pan fo busnesau sy'n cystadlu â'i gilydd yn ceisio cynnig prisiau rhatach na'i gilydd byth a beunydd. Dim ond y defnyddiwr sy'n elwa o hyn. |
Risg | Y posibilrwydd y bydd gan fenter elw is neu golled |
Sampl | Rhan o'r boblogaeth y gofynnir iddi am ei barn er mwyn dod i gasgliad am ymddygiad y boblogaeth gyfan |
Segmentiad | Proses torri rhywbeth i lawr yn rhannau llai |
Siambr Fasnach | Cymdeithas leol ac iddi'r nod o hyrwyddo buddiannau'r busnesau mewn rhanbarth neu sir |
Siec | Taliad ysgrifenedig o gyfrif banc i berson neu fusnes penodol |
Telerau'r Taliad | Y cyfnod sydd gan fusnes i dalu ei gyflenwyr |
Teyrngarwch | Dymuno cefnogi'r un person neu beth bob amser |
Topograffi | Nodweddion ffisegol tirwedd (er enghraifft; gwastad, bryniog, trefol, gwledig) |
Treth | Cyfran o incwm unigolyn o elw busnes y mae'n rhaid ei thalu i'r llywodraeth |
Unig Fasnachwr | Busnes heb ei ymgorffori a chanddo un perchennog |
Y Farchnad | Y gweithgareddau sydd ynghlwm wrth brynu a gwerthu mathau penodol o nwyddau a gwasanaethau trwy gystadlu â chwmnïau eraill |
Ymchwil i'r Farchnad | Proses o gasglu gwybodaeth am y farchnad a chwsmeriaid er mwyn helpu i wneud penderfyniadau busnes cytbwys |
Key Word | |
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Analysis | The process of looking at data to identify patterns and trends |
Asset | Any item of value owned by an individual or business |
Bank Loan | A fixed sum of money borrowed from a bank. It must be repaid with interest in set payments over an agreed period of time |
Bank of England | The central bank for the UK. It manages the country's debts, sets interest rates and influences the exchange rate between the pound and other currencies |
Biased | Allowing influences to affect decisions and resulting in unfairly presented evidence |
Break-even Point | The point at which the costs are all covered by received revenue |
Budgets | Pre-set financial targets for a business to achieve in a given period of time |
Bulk-gaining Product | A product that is larger than the raw materials used to make it |
Bulk-reducing Products | A product that is smaller than the raw materials used to make it |
Business Plan | A document outlining how an entrepreneur is going to set up a new business |
Cash Flow | The amount of money coming in and going out of a business and the timing of the movements |
Chamber of Commerce | A local association with the purpose of promoting the interest of businesses in a region or county |
Cheque | A written form of payment from a bank account to a specified person or business |
Comply | To obey a command, law or to meet a set of standards |
Conflict | A serious disagreement between people, countries or ideas |
Consumables | Items that are used up by a business and need replacing regularly (for example; Pens, paper, staples) |
Consumer | Someone who buys and uses goods and/or services |
Convenience | The ease of access to a product or service with minimal disruption to the customer's lifestyle or routine |
Convenience Good | A product that a customer buys frequently or routinely |
Cookies | Small files stored on a customer's computer when they visit a website which record details about the visit and can be accessed by the website again on future visits. |
Credit | Money leant to a business by a financial institution or supplier which must be paid back during an agreed time period |
Credit Check | A check on the financial status of an individual or business to ensure they have a reliable credit history with no outstanding debts |
Data | Information that can be collected and analysed - most frequently, in the form of statistics |
Deed of Partnership | A legal document defining the terms of a partnership |
Demographic | Relating to the population, such as average age or average income |
Discrimination | When someone is treated differently because of a particular characteristic such as gender, ethnicity, disability |
E-Commerce | Business transactions carried out over the internet |
Economy | The system by which a country's money and goods are produced and used |
Enterprise | An entrepreneurial activity. Sometimes used to describe a company or business. |
Entrepreneur | Someone who creates a business |
Ethics | Moral principles or standards that guide the behaviour of a person or business |
Exports | The flow of goods and services out of a country to other countries |
Financial Reward | The money an entrepreneur or investor receives when a business succeeds |
Focus Group | A group of people who review a product, service, advertisement or idea (this can be done face-to-face or online) |
Footfall | The number of people passing a particular location within a given time period |
Franchise | When a business allows another business permission to trade using its name in return for a fee or share of the profits |
Franchisee | An entrepreneur who pays a fee to trade using the name and products of an established business |
Franchisor | An established business that gives permission to an entrepreneur to trade using its name and products |
Generation Y (aka Millennials) | Refers to people born between 1980 and 2000 |
Globalisation | When a business operates on an international scale and gain international influence or power |
Gross Profit | The amount of profit a business makes before deducting costs |
Guarantor | A named person who will guarantee the repayment of a loan should the person or business taking out the loan fail to make the payments |
Imports | The flow of goods and services into a country from other countries |
Incentive | A payment or gift to encourage someone to do something |
Income Statement | A financial document showing the amount of money a business has earnt and spent over a particular period |
Income Stream | Source of regular income received by a business. Could be from customers or investors |
Incorporated | A business that is registered as a company so the owners and the business are legally separate |
Induction | A period of time at the start of each employees contract when they must be shown how to work safely and within the employer's expectations |
Inertia | A tendency to avoid change |
Insolvent | Unable to pay off debts and/or owes more money than owed. |
Intuition | Knowing something instinctively or understanding something easily without conscious thought |
Investment | Money put into a business with the intention of making a profit |
Labour | Workers or the workforce |
Legislation | The laws that a business must comply with |
Levy | A tax on a particular product or service |
Limited Liability | The risk of loss is limited to the amount of money invested in the business |
Loyalty | Wanting to always support the same something or someone |
M-Commerce | Business transactions carried out using mobile technologies (for example: smartphones or tablets) |
Market Research | The process of gathering information about the market and customers to help make informed business decisions |
Market Share | The proportion of sales in a market taken by one business |
Marketplace | The activities involved in buying and selling particular types of goods and services in competition with other companies |
Multi-channel | Using a variety of methods to reach a customer |
National Living Wage | The minimum amount that a business is legally allowed to pay an employee |
Negative Cash Balance | When the cash available at the end of a given time period is less than the cash at the beginning |
Obsolete | Out-of-date or not used anymore |
Overdraft | A facility offered by a bank to allow an account holder to borrow money at short notice if available funds are exceeded |
Overheads | Fixed costs that come from running a business which are not affected by how many products or services sold |
Partnership | A business owned by a group of two or more people who share the financial risk, decision-making and profits |
Payment Platform | Allows business to take online payments. This is usually free for the customer, but takes a small commission from the seller |
Payment Terms | The period of time that a business has to pay its suppliers |
Price War | When competing business continually try to undercut each other. Only the consumer benefits from this. |
Private Limited Company | A shareholder owned incorporated business |
Product Differentiation | Designing a product with unique features that distinguish it from similar products sold by competitors |
Profit | The amount of revenue remaining after costs have been deducted. |
Promotional Mix | A combination of promotional activities used to increase customer awareness of the product to increase sales |
Protected Characteristic | Characteristics of a recruitment candidate that cannot be used to reject them, such as pregnancy, gender, religion |
Public Limited Comapny (PLC) | An incorporated business that can sell shares to the public |
Real-time | Live or as it happens |
Reasonable Care | In consumer law this means offering a service that is suitable for customers |
Recession | A period of economic decline characterised by when an economy has failed to grow for six consecutive months |
Retained Profit | Money that a business keeps instead of paying out to its shareholders |
Return on Investment | How much money an investor gets back in return |
Revenue | The money a business gains through sales |
Revenue Forecast | A prediction of future revenue based on expected sales (determined by judgment or on previous sales) |
Risk | The possibility that an enterprise will have lower profits or experience a loss |
Sales Revenue | The amount of money coming in from sales |
Sample | A section of the population asked for opinions to establish conclusions about the behaviour of the whole population |
Security | This refers to an asset (such as a house, or business premises) offered as insurance against a loan. If the loan is not paid the creditor can claim the asset as theirs. |
Segmentation | The process of breaking something down into smaller parts |
Share Capital | Money raised by selling shares of the company to investors |
Shareholders | Investors that are part-owners of a company. They invest to earn a share of the profit and voting rights at the AGM |
Shopping Good | A product that a customer takes time to consider before purchasing |
SMART Objectives | Business goals that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, and Time-bound |
Social Media | Websites that allow users to interact and share messages/pictures/links |
Social Objectives | These are aims set due to social pressures, such as reducing carbon emissions or participating in community projects. |
Sole Trader | An unincorporated business with a single owner |
Source | A place, person or thing from where information was obtained |
Stakeholder | Anyone with an interest in the activities of a business, such as employees/suppliers/directors/local community/government |
Start-up | A new business - usually with very small staff numbers |
Stock Exchange | A place where shares in PLCs can be bought or sold |
SWOT Analysis | A study done by businesses to identify Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats |
Target Market | A particular group of consumers to which a company aims its products and services |
Tax | A proportion of an individual's income of business's profits that must be paid to the government |
Topography | The physical characteristics of a landscape (for example; flat, hilly, urban, country) |
Trade Association | An organisation formed and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry |
Trade Credit | This is credit offered only to businesses by suppliers |
Undercut | To sell the same product as a competitor at a lower price |
Unincorporated | A business that is not registered as a company and so the owners and business are legally the same body |
Unique Selling Point (USP) | Something that makes a product stand out from its competitors |
Unlimited Liability | The level of risk goes beyond the amount invested meaning their assets could be used to repay any business debts |
Valid | Having an accurate or solid basis of facts |
Values | Standards of behaviour or moral principles |
Venture Capital | Money invested by individuals or groups into a new business |
Viable | Has shown to work properly or successfully |